{"id":8755,"date":"2024-04-23T15:13:52","date_gmt":"2024-04-23T08:13:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ceco.com.vn\/?p=8755"},"modified":"2024-04-23T15:13:52","modified_gmt":"2024-04-23T08:13:52","slug":"thuc-trang-va-xu-huong-ap-dung-bim","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ceco.com.vn\/en\/thuc-trang-va-xu-huong-ap-dung-bim\/","title":{"rendered":"Th\u1ef1c tr\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng BIM"},"content":{"rendered":"

B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y th\u1ef1c tr\u1ea1ng, xu h\u01b0\u1edbng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng BIM tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng tri\u1ec3n khai BIM t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u1eddi gian t\u1edbi.<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u00d3M T\u1eaeT:<\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh th\u00f4ng tin c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh (Building Information Modeling – BIM) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 xu th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 BIM gi\u00fap ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn d\u1ef1 \u00e1n t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ee3p l\u00fd h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, BIM c\u00f2n l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u00f3a nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 s\u1ed1 h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, tri\u1ec3n khai qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt th\u00f4ng minh; v\u00e0 l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. \u0110\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng BIM \u0111\u00fang h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 th\u1ef1c tr\u1ea1ng, vai tr\u00f2 v\u00e0 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng BIM, tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u00f3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng, khai th\u00e1c l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a BIM ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb kh\u00f3a: M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh th\u00f4ng tin c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh, xu th\u1ebf hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i ng\u00e0nh X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, s\u1ed1 h\u00f3a ng\u00e0nh X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt th\u00f4ng minh.<\/p>\n

ABSTRACT:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Building Information Modeling (BIM) is considered the trend of the modern construction industry. Applying BIM technology helps to better project approach, more rational design, and more efficient management. Besides, BIM is also the main tool to concretize the digitization task of the Construction industry, deploy construction management, intelligent technical infrastructure; and is an indispensable factor for urban management and development in the future. To promote BIM application in the right direction, it is necessary to understand the status, role and trend of BIM application, on that basis, develop a plan to gradually apply and exploit the advantages of BIM for the development of the construction industry.
\nKeywords: Building Information Modeling, Modern trend of construction industry, Digitization of construction industry, Construction management, Smart technical infrastructure.<\/p>\n

I. GI\u1edaI THI\u1ec6U<\/strong><\/p>\n

Theo \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, ng\u00e0y 17\/3\/2023 Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 ban h\u00e0nh Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 258\/Q\u0110-TTg ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t L\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng BIM trong ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng BIM \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1edbi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u00f4ng, v\u1ed1n nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c c\u00f4ng t\u01b0. Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng BIM th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n theo giai \u0111o\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

Trong \u0111\u00f3, giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2023, \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng BIM b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea5p I, c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1edbi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u00f4ng, v\u1ed1n nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c c\u00f4ng t\u01b0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/p>\n

Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2025, \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng BIM b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea5p II tr\u1edf l\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1edbi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u00f4ng, v\u1ed1n nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c c\u00f4ng t\u01b0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb d\u1ef1 \u00e1n\u2026 B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y th\u1ef1c tr\u1ea1ng, xu h\u01b0\u1edbng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng BIM tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng tri\u1ec3n khai BIM t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u1eddi gian t\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

II. TH\u1ef0C TR\u1ea0NG \u00c1P D\u1ee4NG BIM<\/strong><\/p>\n

2.1. T\u1ed5ng quan tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/strong><\/p>\n

L\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin, BIM \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong ng\u00e0nh X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

B\u1eafc M\u1ef9, B\u1eafc \u00c2u, V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Anh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 BIM t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 21. Sau kho\u1ea3ng 2 th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

Theo b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng ty nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u201cResearch and Market\u201d c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 01\/2023, quy m\u00f4 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng BIM to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u n\u0103m 2022 l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng 6,6 t\u1ef7 USD, v\u00e0 s\u1ebd t\u0103ng l\u00ean 22,1 t\u1ef7 USD v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2030. T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng h\u00e0ng n\u0103m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n l\u00e0 17,4% trong v\u00f2ng 8 n\u0103m t\u1edbi [1].<\/p>\n

D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean vi\u1ec7c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 BIM trong c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p tr\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec3m, khu v\u1ef1c ch\u00e2u \u00c1 – Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng khu v\u1ef1c BIM l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi trong v\u00e0i n\u0103m t\u1edbi. C\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh kinh doanh v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng BIM ch\u00ednh trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai v\u00e0 s\u1ebd chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng 60 – 70% th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2022 – 2025.<\/p>\n

2.1.1. V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Anh,<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f3 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng BIM nhanh nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 l\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t. Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Anh v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2011 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n BIM c\u1ee7a Anh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau theo t\u1eebng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m chuy\u00ean tr\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 BIM \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng BIM trong c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7; v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2015, ban h\u00e0nh \u201cChi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a Anh\u201d, \u0111\u01b0a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 v\u00e0o qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh; n\u0103m 2016, \u201cChi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 (2016 – 2020)\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban h\u00e0nh, quy \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng do Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2016 ph\u1ea3i \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 BIM v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c BIM c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 2.<\/p>\n

Theo \u201cB\u00e1o c\u00e1o x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 2021\u201d t\u1ea1i V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Anh, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng BIM \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng t\u1eeb 13% n\u0103m 2011 l\u00ean 71% v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2021.<\/p>\n

2.1.2. Hoa K\u1ef3,<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a tin h\u1ecdc h\u00f3a v\u00e0o l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u1edbm h\u01a1n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 BIM \u0111ang \u0111i \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. N\u00f3 kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n BIM t\u1eeb tr\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 nh\u01b0 \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a BIM \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3 d\u1ef1a nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u00e0o th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. C\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 ch\u1ee9ng minh l\u1ee3i \u00edch v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh, ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, x\u00fac ti\u1ebfn k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng BIM \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

Ngay t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2003, C\u01a1 quan Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p Hoa K\u1ef3 (GSA) \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch 3D-4D-BIM \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3ng b\u00e1 v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u BIM nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 2007, C\u01a1 quan Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 BIM cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ea5u th\u1ea7u tr\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 quan n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

B\u1ed9 C\u1ef1u chi\u1ebfn binh Hoa K\u1ef3 (VA) t\u00edch c\u1ef1c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 BIM v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i d\u1ef1 \u00e1n t\u00edch h\u1ee3p (IPD), quy \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2009, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o m\u1edbi v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 10 tri\u1ec7u USD trong ph\u1ea1m vi quy\u1ec1n h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng BIM.<\/p>\n

B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, n\u0103m 2006, L\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 l\u1ee5c qu\u00e2n Hoa K\u1ef3 (USACE) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n BIM trong 15 n\u0103m t\u1edbi, quy \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 BIM ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea5u th\u1ea7u, k\u00fd h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 b\u00e0n giao t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3.<\/p>\n

Theo B\u00e1o c\u00e1o, n\u0103m 2012, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng BIM trong ng\u00e0nh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u1edf B\u1eafc M\u1ef9 (Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 Canada) l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng 71%. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n BIM c\u0169ng t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n v\u1edbi 58% c\u00f4ng ty v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o l\u00e0 h\u01a1n 60% d\u1ef1 \u00e1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 BIM.<\/p>\n

2.1.3. Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n,<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0Vi\u1ec7n Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp nh\u00f3m ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i d\u1ef1 \u00e1n t\u00edch h\u1ee3p IPD-WG v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2009 \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n BIM. N\u0103m 2012, \u201cH\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn JIA BIM\u201d t\u1eeb quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh. V\u00e0o n\u0103m 2014, \u0111\u00e3 ban h\u00e0nh ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n BIM ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

Theo \u201cB\u00e1o c\u00e1o BIM Qu\u1ed1c gia NBS 2016\u201d c\u1ee7a Anh, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng BIM \u1edf Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n n\u0103m 2016 l\u00e0 46%. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba h\u01a1n v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i phong ph\u00fa. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n n\u00f3i chung \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf 3D \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1990.<\/p>\n

H\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n r\u1ea5t ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 kh\u00e9p k\u00edn. Tuy nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 BIM c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m kinh doanh v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, h\u01a1n l\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c t\u1eeb tr\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c b\u00ean x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng.<\/p>\n

2.1.4. H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c,<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0Trung t\u00e2m D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 Mua s\u1eafm C\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 BIM v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2010 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 BIM trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2016, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh \u201cH\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng BIM trong Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd C\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t\u201d. C\u00f9ng n\u0103m, B\u1ed9 \u0110\u1ea5t \u0111ai, C\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng, Giao th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 H\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e3 ban h\u00e0nh \u201cH\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng BIM trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng\u201d, bao g\u1ed3m 4 ph\u1ea7n: h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5, h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n

2.1.5. Trung Qu\u1ed1c,<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0n\u0103m 2016, B\u1ed9 Nh\u00e0 \u1edf v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4 th\u1ecb – N\u00f4ng th\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 ban h\u00e0nh \u201c\u00dd ki\u1ebfn ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh th\u00f4ng tin x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng\u201d v\u00e0 \u201c\u0110\u1ec1 c\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00f4ng tin cho ng\u00e0nh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2016 – 2020\u201d trong 3 n\u0103m ti\u1ebfp theo, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 BIM t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u00f4ng minh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1. Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, vi\u1ec7c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng t\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 BIM trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ec9nh, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, khu v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 ban h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch h\u1ee7y b\u1ecf vi\u1ec7c xem x\u00e9t b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp tr\u00ean BIM, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 BIM, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1edbn v\u00e0 Internet of Things, v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y h\u01a1n n\u1eefa vi\u1ec7c s\u1ed1 h\u00f3a x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t th\u00f4ng minh cho c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i theo th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng BIM \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ea1nh tranh cho ng\u00e0nh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c gia. Nh\u00ecn chung \u0111a s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00ec ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 d\u1eabn d\u1eaft, l\u1ea5y c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng BIM trong n\u01b0\u1edbc (H\u00ecnh 1).<\/p>\n

2.2. Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u1ec1 BIM<\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn BIM \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111a s\u1ed1 do T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf ISO v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 kh\u00e1c nhau ban h\u00e0nh ho\u1eb7c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tham kh\u1ea3o ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi:<\/p>\n

– T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (ISO): S\u00ea-ri ISO 19650 (ISO 19650 \u2013 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) (2018-2022)<\/p>\n

– V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Anh: BS EN ISO 19650, PAS 1192; BS 8541\u2026<\/p>\n

– Hoa K\u1ef3: Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n BIM qu\u1ed1c gia Hoa K\u1ef3 – Phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n 3 (2014)<\/p>\n

– New Zealand: S\u1ed5 tay BIM New Zealand phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n 3 (2019)<\/p>\n

– \u00dac: Khung ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng BIM (2017)<\/p>\n

– Canada: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng BIM (2017)<\/p>\n

– Trung Qu\u1ed1c: Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh th\u00f4ng tin thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt thi c\u00f4ng (2019), ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n l\u1eadp m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh th\u00f4ng tin thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng (2018), ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh th\u00f4ng tin t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 (2018)…<\/p>\n

2.3. N\u1ed9i dung \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng BIM<\/strong><\/p>\n

Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 BIM, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng BIM \u1edf c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia c\u0169ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng. T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 BIM trong c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u1edf Trung \u0110\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n chi\u1ebfm h\u01a1n 30%, v\u00e0 h\u01a1n 46% d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111ang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 BIM. T\u1ea1i Anh trong n\u0103m 2019, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng BIM cho tr\u00ean 50% d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p chi\u1ebfm t\u1edbi 79%.<\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 BIM kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch kinh t\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00e2u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

L\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp, n\u00e2ng cao n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t. C\u00e1c l\u1ee3i \u00edch \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh doanh nghi\u1ec7p. L\u1ee3i \u00edch ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00e2u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p, bao g\u1ed3m th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y giao ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c, n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ea1nh tranh.<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i dung \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng BIM theo kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t c\u1ee7a BuildingSmart [3] th\u00ec giai \u0111o\u1ea1n hi\u1ec7n nay ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, trong \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p 3D, ki\u1ec3m tra va ch\u1ea1m, ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111ang d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u. Tuy nhi\u00ean \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong thi c\u00f4ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 b\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh t\u1eadp trung trong c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng thi c\u00f4ng, l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c (H\u00ecnh 2).<\/p>\n

\n
\"\"
H\u00ecnh 2 N\u1ed9i dung \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng BIM theo kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t c\u1ee7a BuildingSmart.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

2.4. V\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o BIM<\/strong><\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec7n nay c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 BIM ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan t\u00e2m trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i n\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c trong ng\u00e0nh t\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0169ng \u0111ang thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t. \u0110\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u1ec1 BIM \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, cao \u0111\u1eb3ng, vi\u1ec7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

Hoa K\u1ef3: \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Stanford, \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 Georgia, \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Purdue.<\/p>\n

V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Anh: \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Westminster, Middlesex, Salford, Liverpool (London), Northumbia\u2026<\/p>\n

Singapore: H\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n BCA.<\/p>\n

Trung Qu\u1ed1c: Kho\u1ea3ng 200 tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, cao \u0111\u1eb3ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp trung t\u00e2m BIM ho\u1eb7c studio BIM; \u0111\u00e3 tri\u1ec3n khai \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, sau \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

2.5. Ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn BIM<\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn BIM \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p, hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 c\u1ea5p nh\u01b0:<\/p>\n

– H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn doanh nghi\u1ec7p (BRE, Anh): D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ISO 19650-2 Ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a BIM c\u1ea5p 2.<\/p>\n

– Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea5p ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 h\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 (BRE, Anh): C\u1ea5p ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 cho 3 lo\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc vi\u00ean: qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd th\u00f4ng tin d\u1ef1 \u00e1n (PIM), qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd th\u00f4ng tin nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 (TIM), qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i d\u1ef1 \u00e1n (PDM).<\/p>\n

– Ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd BIM to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u (CIOB, Anh): Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 c\u1ea5p ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 li\u00ean quan d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh do nh\u00f3m c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c BIM c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Anh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n<\/p>\n

– Ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd BIM (AGC, Hoa K\u1ef3): Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 c\u1ea5p ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a BIM, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, t\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3, v.v. t\u1eeb g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

– Ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 BIM; k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng BIM\u2026<\/p>\n

2.6. T\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 BIM t\u1ea1i n\u01b0\u1edbc ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp mu\u1ed9n nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m cao c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p, c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o, vi\u1ec7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o, trao \u0111\u1ed5i k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt di\u1ec5n ra s\u00f4i n\u1ed5i trong th\u1eddi gian qua. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 BIM v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, khai th\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 d\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u201c\u0110\u1ec1 \u00e1n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh th\u00f4ng tin c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh (BIM) trong ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh\u201d (\u0110\u1ec1 \u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t t\u1ea1i Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 2500\/Q\u0110-TTg ng\u00e0y 22\/12\/2016 v\u00e0 k\u1ebft th\u00fac v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2021) v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 theo d\u00f5i, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng BIM trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u1eeba qua cho th\u1ea5y, vi\u1ec7c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng BIM trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1eadp b\u00e1o c\u00e1o nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u1ea3 thi, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, thi c\u00f4ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd khai th\u00e1c v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 mang l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3:<\/p>\n

– Vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng BIM \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n r\u00fat ng\u1eafn th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, thi c\u00f4ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng. Vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng BIM \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u vi\u1ec7c s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf k\u00e9o theo ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 chi ph\u00ed v\u1eadt t\u01b0, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, nh\u00e2n c\u00f4ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, xe m\u00e1y thi c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n (m\u1ee9c ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m chi ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n – chi ph\u00ed quy \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ebfn 12% chi ph\u00ed x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n); r\u00fat ng\u1eafn th\u1eddi gian l\u1eadp b\u00e1o c\u00e1o nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u1ea3 thi (m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3m kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb 17 – 22% th\u1eddi gian l\u1eadp b\u00e1o c\u00e1o nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u1ea3 thi); r\u00fat ng\u1eafn th\u1eddi gian thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf tri\u1ec3n khai sau thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf (m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3m t\u1eeb 15 – 35% th\u1eddi gian thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf; gi\u1ea3m y\u00eau c\u1ea7u s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i do s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf); r\u00fat ng\u1eafn th\u1eddi gian thi c\u00f4ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng (t\u1eeb 12 – 15% so v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy\u1ec7t).<\/p>\n

– Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh trao \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00f4ng tin trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i do vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng BIM \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c chung, l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1, \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0 \u0111ang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n quan tr\u1ecdng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ed1 ng\u00e0nh X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u1eeba qua, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 v\u1ed1n nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng BIM \u0111em l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t (BIM \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea1i D\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u1ee5 s\u1edf T\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n Viettel gi\u00fap r\u00fat ng\u1eafn th\u1eddi gian thi c\u00f4ng 4\/12 th\u00e1ng, \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh gi\u1ea3m 10% s\u1ed1 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i; \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng BIM trong D\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ea7u C\u1eeda \u0110\u1ea1i, t\u1ec9nh Qu\u1ea3ng Ng\u00e3i ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m kho\u1ea3ng 20% th\u1eddi gian x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, ki\u1ec3m tra kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, 30% th\u1eddi gian xem x\u00e9t, hi\u1ec3u thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, 30% ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i;<\/p>\n

\u00c1p d\u1ee5ng BIM trong D\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng Nh\u00e0 Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i L\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0: th\u1eddi gian thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00fat ng\u1eafn \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng cao, c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1eafc ph\u00e1t sinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd nhanh ch\u00f3ng, c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00edch xu\u1ea5t tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c so v\u1edbi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o cho c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c nghi\u1ec7m thu v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o h\u00e0nh b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n nh\u1ea5t…).<\/p>\n

\u1ede khu v\u1ef1c kinh t\u1ebf t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n, trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u1eeba qua, nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng BIM trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh th\u00f4ng tin c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh (\u00e1p d\u1ee5ng BIM t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n Vingroup, Masterise Homes, Novaland, Becamex IDC… \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c b\u00f3c t\u00e1ch, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 thi c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7u v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o, h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh…).<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t khung kh\u1ed5 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd, c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng BIM \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh (Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 15\/2021\/N\u0110-CP ng\u00e0y 03\/3\/2021 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh chi ti\u1ebft m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u1ed9i dung v\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng); m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng BIM\u2026 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c B\u1ed9 X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ban h\u00e0nh. Theo \u0111\u00f3, n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c tri\u1ec3n khai, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 BIM trong ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u00e3 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 d\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 v\u1eady, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng BIM v\u1eabn ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ngu\u1ed3n v\u1ed1n t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i (chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng 70%). X\u00e9t v\u1ec1 lo\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng BIM c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a \u0111a d\u1ea1ng. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh d\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu t\u1eadp trung \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi lo\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nh\u00e0 \u1edf, v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng, trung t\u00e2m th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i; c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y, tr\u1ea1m bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p, nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n; c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh giao th\u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea7u, c\u1ea3ng h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 khung kh\u1ed5 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf, th\u1eddi gian v\u1eeba qua vi\u1ec7c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng BIM ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch n\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0, ng\u01b0\u1eddi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 v\u1ed1n nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u00f4ng c\u00f2n g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, l\u00fang t\u00fang trong vi\u1ec7c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng BIM \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c tri\u1ec3n khai th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. C\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n c\u0169ng g\u1eb7p nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng BIM \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 v\u1ed1n nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

III. XU H\u01af\u1edaNG PH\u00c1T TRI\u1ec2N\u00a0BIM<\/strong><\/p>\n

S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u00e0 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n

Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i ng\u00e0nh X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p 4.0 s\u1ebd d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a 3 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0: chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ed1 th\u00f4ng qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7.<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, hi\u1ec7n nay, ng\u00e0nh X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111ang d\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadt l\u00fd (c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t, th\u1ee7y v\u0103n\u2026), h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn t\u00edch h\u1ee3p tr\u00ean m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c l\u1ea5y m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, ng\u00e0nh X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u0169ng \u0111ang chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ea7n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p thi c\u00f4ng t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 sang thi c\u00f4ng, l\u1eafp d\u1ef1ng theo m\u00f4 \u0111un v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ti\u1ec1n ch\u1ebf trong nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y.<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra, vi\u1ec7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. Hi\u1ec7n nay, t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tinh g\u1ecdn (Lean Construction)1<\/sup>\u00a0ho\u1eb7c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n d\u1ef1 \u00e1n theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p IDP\u00a02<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a 3 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c, quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t; m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kinh doanh c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n mang l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c l\u1ee3i \u00edch v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i; t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb, s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u1edbi c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb gia t\u0103ng cao, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y t\u0103ng n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t lao \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

Trong k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p 4.0, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng gian m\u1ea1ng th\u1ef1c – \u1ea3o v\u00e0 H\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh m\u1edbi cho vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 thi c\u00f4ng, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng.<\/p>\n

M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n cho th\u1ea5y BIM v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u chung d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y (CDE) l\u00e0 tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh. BIM cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a v\u00e0 m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng, CDE ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn d\u1ef1 \u00e1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 (H\u00ecnh 3) [4].<\/p>\n

\n
\"\"
H\u00ecnh 3: Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng theo xu th\u1ebf c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p 4.0.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

V\u1edbi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, BIM s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1edbi xu h\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

3.1. BIM \u201cth\u00f4ng minh\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n

BIM t\u00edch h\u1ee3p hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1edbn v\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c m\u1edbi cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m BIM th\u00f4ng minh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp bao g\u1ed3m hai c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9, c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00f4ng minh \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb th\u00f4ng minh v\u1edbi Internet th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t giao th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng Internet th\u00f4ng minh, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00f4ng tin, k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t theo th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

C\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 BIM v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1edbn, tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 Internet \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u00edch h\u1ee3p, l\u01b0u tr\u1eef, khai th\u00e1c v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t. Theo nguy\u00ean l\u00fd thu th\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, t\u1ea1o ra th\u00f4ng tin, t\u1eeb th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c, t\u1eeb ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd th\u00f4ng minh.<\/p>\n

3.2. B\u1ea3n sao k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1<\/strong><\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 BIM \u0111\u00e3 k\u00e9o theo s\u1ef1 n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb. T\u1eeb t\u00f2a nh\u00e0, c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng, c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 BIM c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng sang c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 giao th\u00f4ng, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u2026 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00ean m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u201csong sinh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c l\u1eabn nhau.<\/p>\n

N\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u1eadt l\u00fd, c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng \u0111a ng\u00e0nh, \u0111a v\u1eadt l\u00fd, \u0111a quy m\u00f4 v\u00e0 \u0111a x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadp b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 trong kh\u00f4ng gian \u1ea3o, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng. Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

3.3. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u00f4ng tin s\u1ed1 theo \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng cho c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh, b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, vi\u1ec7c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 BIM ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu t\u1eadp trung \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt kh\u00e1c nhau trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 thi c\u00f4ng, n\u00e2ng cao tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. V\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea1m vi \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 BIM, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh, k\u1ebf th\u1eeba to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, l\u00e0m cho c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 BIM d\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec, \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ee9c 7D.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 7D cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n tr\u00edch xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 theo d\u00f5i th\u00f4ng tin v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec li\u00ean quan nh\u01b0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n chi ti\u1ebft, h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1ea3o h\u00e0nh\u2026 v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1ch qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7u ph\u1ee5 v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p trong su\u1ed1t v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t. Do \u0111\u00f3, ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng theo nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u00ednh trong vi\u1ec7c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 BIM.<\/p>\n

3.4. BIM k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u1ed5ng th\u1ea7u<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nh\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n ch\u1ebf s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n do th\u1eddi gian x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ng\u1eafn, ti\u00eau t\u1ed1n \u00edt v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n ch\u1ebf BIM + EPC s\u1ebd l\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u201ct\u00edch h\u1ee3p thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 l\u1eafp r\u00e1p\u201d c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n ch\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 BIM trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 l\u1eafp r\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

Th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u00edch h\u1ee3p BIM, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a BIM v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u1eafp r\u00e1p hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng BIM, vi\u1ec7c h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n ch\u1ebf s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. Theo m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng chung c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n EPC, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 BIM c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m d\u1ef1 \u00e1n EPC v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng th\u00f4ng minh.<\/p>\n

IV. M\u1ed8T S\u1ed0 \u0110\u1ecaNH H\u01af\u1edaNG TRI\u1ec2N KHAI TH\u1edcI GIAN T\u1edaI<\/strong><\/p>\n

4.1. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a BIM<\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng BIM ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7<\/p>\n

Thi\u1ebfu ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i trong n\u01b0\u1edbc: Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng trong n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0: Autodesk Revit (Hoa K\u1ef3), Tekla Structure c\u1ee7a Trimble (Ph\u1ea7n Lan), Architecture of Bentley (Hoa K\u1ef3), ArchiCAD c\u1ee7a Graphisoft (Hungary)… Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1ec1 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u, t\u00ednh to\u00e1n nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd thi c\u00f4ng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n kh\u00f3 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u.<\/p>\n

Th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt th\u00f4ng tin: Vi\u1ec7c chia s\u1ebb v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng trong hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a BIM. V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u00edch l\u0169y ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec, c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ea7n n\u00e2ng cao h\u01a1n n\u1eefa nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 r\u1ee7i ro c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt th\u00f4ng tin.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ch\u01b0a ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n, ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7: C\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n BIM l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp ng\u1eef ngh\u0129a ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc trao \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00f4ng tin, cung c\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd cho vi\u1ec7c chia s\u1ebb t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh. C\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 BIM, t\u1eeb l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh. M\u1ed7i giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i kh\u00e1c nhau. Th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i c\u1ee7a BIM.<\/p>\n

Nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c BIM c\u00f2n thi\u1ebfu: Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i n\u01b0\u1edbc li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp m\u1edf c\u00e1c kh\u00f3a h\u1ecdc BIM chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p, nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 BIM ra \u0111\u1eddi. Tuy nhi\u00ean, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c BIM hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i theo \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n BIM.<\/p>\n

4.2. \u0110\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai trong th\u1eddi gian t\u1edbi<\/strong><\/p>\n

4.2.1. Ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch cho vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng BIM c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng BIM m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, c\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u b\u1ed5 sung c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh li\u00ean quan. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3:<\/p>\n

– C\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh, ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng BIM: Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u giao n\u1ed9p, n\u1ed9i dung m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh, ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef\u2026<\/p>\n

– C\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh trong thi c\u00f4ng, nghi\u1ec7m thu, b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng.<\/p>\n

– M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 BIM trong h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng (s\u1edf h\u1eefu khai th\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh, b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt, tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m trong vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt th\u00f4ng tin t\u1eeb BIM).<\/p>\n

– M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd chi ph\u00ed: b\u00f3c t\u00e1ch kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eeb m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh; b\u1ed5 sung c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5, ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eau kinh t\u1ebf k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng khi \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng BIM.<\/p>\n

– C\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng BIM.<\/p>\n

– Khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng BIM v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn nh\u1eb1m n\u00e2ng cao n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng.<\/p>\n

4.2.2. Ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n, b\u1ed5 sung h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng BIM<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng BIM r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m, nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc trao \u0111\u1ed5i, chia s\u1ebb th\u00f4ng tin\u2026 Tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng cho vi\u1ec7c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng BIM trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n hi\u1ec7n nay c\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn BIM cho giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng; nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng BIM trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh; c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt th\u00f4ng tin; c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u00f3 t\u00ednh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 (giao th\u00f4ng, h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng\u2026).<\/p>\n

4.2.3. Th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng cho vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng BIM. Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n hi\u1ec7n nay, b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh vi\u1ec7c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng BIM g\u1eafn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean ng\u00e0nh c\u1ea7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o BIM chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u, \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o n\u00e2ng cao m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i vi\u00ean BIM, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd BIM (BIM manager).<\/p>\n

4.2.4. Ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ed1<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i ng\u00e0nh X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ch\u1ee9ng minh l\u1ee3i \u00edch v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n qu\u1ed1c gia. K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u1eadt l\u00fd hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i quy tr\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n n\u01a1i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nh\u01b0 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a, t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf (generative design), x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u1ea3o\/th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng (VR\/AR) gi\u00fap h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf hay c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m gi\u00fap t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u1ed9i dung trong th\u1ea9m tra thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf\u2026 Qua \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o b\u1ea3n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thi c\u00f4ng, vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 an to\u00e0n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu nh\u1eb1m theo d\u00f5i, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0: theo d\u00f5i nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb m\u00e1y m\u00f3c, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng, an to\u00e0n, an ninh c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 quan tr\u1eafc m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00f4ng tin trong qua tr\u00ecnh thi c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n b\u00e0n giao, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh, c\u1ea7n th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh, quan tr\u1eafc c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ho\u00e0n c\u00f4ng. Nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, truy c\u1eadp nhanh ch\u00f3ng. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng quan tr\u1eafc khi k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00e1c r\u1ee7i ro c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n, an ninh c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

4.2.5. Ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n, n\u00e2ng cao nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng BIM<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 vi\u1ec7c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng BIM trong x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh l\u00e0 xu th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3i chung \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng BIM t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ch\u01b0a hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 BIM, quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean BIM, c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc tri\u1ec3n khai BIM, nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, v\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1eafc c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khai th\u00e1c khi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng BIM. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, n\u1ed9i dung, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng BIM ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn, c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu h\u01b0\u1edbng qua \u0111\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady, c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n, n\u00e2ng cao nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c b\u1ed9, ng\u00e0nh, \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan t\u00e2m th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean, li\u00ean t\u1ee5c b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c g\u1eafn v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng do c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh, \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd. Trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea7n t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i quy tr\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c theo h\u01b0\u1edbng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf khai th\u00e1c l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng BIM.<\/p>\n

B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ea7n tri\u1ec3n khai nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 c\u00f3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng BIM \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi xu th\u1ebf \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng BIM c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. C\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c tham gia \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u1ea7n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt c\u00e1c xu h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kinh nghi\u1ec7m vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng BIM \u0111\u1ec3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

IV. K\u1ebeT LU\u1eacN<\/strong><\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai BIM l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi ng\u00e0nh X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng BIM, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 tham gia d\u1ef1 \u00e1n h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau theo m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t so v\u1edbi truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng BIM l\u00e0 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu, mang l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i \u00edch trong ng\u00e0nh X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p 4.0. V\u00ec v\u1eady, tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t, c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 tham gia ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u1ea7n quan t\u00e2m, s\u1edbm c\u00f3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 cho vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

T\u00c0I LI\u1ec6U THAM KH\u1ea2O:<\/strong>
\n[1]\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0https:\/\/www.researchandmarkets.com\/reports\/4804704\/building-information-modeling-bim-global
\n[2]\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0https:\/\/www.techture.global\/solutions\/bim-implementation
\n[3]\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0https:\/\/www.buildingsmart.org\/construction-industry-looks-to-bim-to-improve-decision-making-collaboration-survey\/
\n[4]\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0Anil Sawhney, Mike Riley and Javier Irizarry (2020). Part I Introduction and overview of Construction 4.0, CPS, Digital Ecosystem, and innovation, Construction 4.0 An Innovation Platform for the Built Environment (tr. 14). Routledge.<\/em><\/p>\n

Ngu\u1ed3n tin: T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 X\u00e2y D\u1ef1ng\u00a0<\/strong><\/em><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y th\u1ef1c tr\u1ea1ng, xu h\u01b0\u1edbng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng BIM tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng tri\u1ec3n khai BIM t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u1eddi gian t\u1edbi. T\u00d3M T\u1eaeT: M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh th\u00f4ng tin c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh (Building Information Modeling – BIM) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 xu th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":8756,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6,41],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8755","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-cong-ty","category-tin-noi-bat"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ceco.com.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8755","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ceco.com.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ceco.com.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ceco.com.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ceco.com.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8755"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/ceco.com.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8755\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8757,"href":"https:\/\/ceco.com.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8755\/revisions\/8757"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ceco.com.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8756"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ceco.com.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8755"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ceco.com.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8755"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ceco.com.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8755"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}