{"id":6203,"date":"2022-04-27T17:17:45","date_gmt":"2021-12-31T10:17:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ceco.vn\/cong-suat-amoniac-toan-cau-se-gia-tang-manh\/"},"modified":"2022-04-27T17:17:45","modified_gmt":"2021-12-31T10:17:45","slug":"cong-suat-amoniac-toan-cau-se-gia-tang-manh","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ceco.com.vn\/en\/cong-suat-amoniac-toan-cau-se-gia-tang-manh\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t amoni\u0103c to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u s\u1ebd gia t\u0103ng m\u1ea1nh"},"content":{"rendered":"
S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng amoni\u0103c c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n. Nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1920, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 n\u1ed5i l\u00ean m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n. Khi \u0111\u00f3, vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a amoni\u0103c trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh. Do nhu c\u1ea7u amoni\u0103c ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng, nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y. Trong nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea7u, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 chi ph\u00ed l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n amoni\u0103c m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 chi ph\u00ed nh\u00e2n c\u00f4ng c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t cao do thi\u1ebfu lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng. V\u00ec v\u1eady, nh\u00ecn chung trong th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00f3 chi ph\u00ed tuy\u1ec3n d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 tay ngh\u1ec1 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 chi ph\u00ed l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfm t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn trong chi ph\u00ed s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t amoni\u0103c.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ebfn th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1990, chi ph\u00ed n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ti\u1ec7n \u00edch h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi chi ph\u00ed ti\u1ebfp th\u1ecb tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh trong chi ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t amoni\u0103c. V\u00e0o th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y, m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t amoni\u0103c kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u1edf vi\u1ec7c gia t\u0103ng s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. C\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn. C\u0169ng trong th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y, nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng r\u1ea5t cao, v\u00ec v\u1eady vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh an to\u00e0n chi\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 trong chi ph\u00ed s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t amoni\u0103c.<\/p>\n
T\u1eeb th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 2000 tr\u1edf \u0111i, ng\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t amoni\u0103c \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadp trung ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c gia t\u0103ng c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y m\u1edbi c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng cao c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc an to\u00e0n, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u r\u1ee7i ro c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng cung \u1ee9ng linh ho\u1ea1t. Nh\u01b0ng trong th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i amoni\u0103c \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nhi\u1ec1u b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ngu\u1ed3n cung tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n
Amoni\u0103c l\u00e0 h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a m\u00e0 tuy \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u1edf h\u01a1n 80 qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1edbi t\u00ednh t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0 c\u1ea1nh tranh cao. 10 nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t amoni\u0103c h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng 20% c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t amoni\u0103c to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. H\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 danh m\u1ee5c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cu\u1ed1i d\u00f2ng nh\u01b0 ur\u00ea v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1m.<\/p>\n
Hi\u1ec7n nay, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n chia c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cung \u1ee9ng ch\u00ednh tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng amoni\u0103c th\u00e0nh hai lo\u1ea1i sau:<\/em><\/p>\n N\u0103m 2015, n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1m l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u h\u01a1n 16 tri\u1ec7u t\u1ea5n amoni\u0103c, UAN v\u00e0 ur\u00ea, chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng 8% s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng amoni\u0103c to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n Theo d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o, nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u amoni\u0103c tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn 9 tri\u1ec7u t\u1ea5n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2020. Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, khu v\u1ef1c B\u1eafc M\u1ef9 c\u00f3 g\u1ea7n 60 nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y amoni\u0103c \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng 35 nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn s\u1ebd \u0111i v\u00e0o v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh trong n\u0103m 2018.<\/p>\n Xu h\u01b0\u1edbng<\/strong>t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t<\/strong><\/p>\n Theo k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng ty nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n Global Data, c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t amoni\u0103c to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o s\u1ebd t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ea1nh t\u1eeb 225,3 tri\u1ec7u t\u1ea5n\/n\u0103m trong n\u0103m 2015 l\u00ean 271 tri\u1ec7u t\u1ea5n\/n\u0103m v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2020.<\/p>\n B\u00e1o c\u00e1o m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Global Data cho bi\u1ebft, M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 Iran s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t amoni\u0103c. Hai qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y hi\u1ec7n chi\u1ebfm ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn trong 80 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n amoni\u0103c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 d\u1ef1 t\u00ednh s\u1ebd \u0111i v\u00e0o v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh trong 5 n\u0103m t\u1edbi.<\/p>\n Ng\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t amoni\u0103c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o s\u1ebd chi 21,8 t\u1ec9 USD trong th\u1eddi gian t\u1eeb nay \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2020 cho nh\u1eefng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n s\u1eafp t\u1edbi. Trong \u0111\u00f3, M\u1ef9, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Iran l\u00e0 ba qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c chi ti\u00eau v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t amoni\u0103c.<\/p>\n M\u1ef9 hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 15 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n amoni\u0103c \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch, d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn s\u1ebd b\u1ed5 sung th\u00eam c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t kho\u1ea3ng 8,3 tri\u1ec7u t\u1ea5n\/n\u0103m cho \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2020. Chi ti\u00eau v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 cho nh\u1eefng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1t t\u00f4\u0309ng c\u00f4\u0323ng 3,47 t\u1ec9 USD trong 5 n\u0103m t\u1edbi. Hai c\u00f4ng ty h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u, chi\u1ebfm ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn m\u1ee9c gia t\u0103ng c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t amoni\u0103c s\u1eafp t\u1edbi t\u1ea1i M\u1ef9 l\u00e0 CF Industries Holdings. v\u00e0 Incitec Pivot Limited.<\/p>\n Iran c\u00f3 12 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n amoni\u0103c \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2018 s\u1ebd b\u1ed5 sung th\u00eam kho\u1ea3ng 7,4 tri\u1ec7u t\u1ea5n\/n\u0103m c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t amoni\u0103c. Qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y d\u1ef1 t\u00ednh s\u1ebd chi ti\u00eau h\u01a1n 3 t\u1ec9 USD v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 cho nh\u1eefng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u00e0y trong th\u1eddi gian 2 n\u0103m t\u1edbi. C\u00f4ng ty s\u1ebd b\u1ed5 sung c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t amoni\u0103c nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i Iran l\u00e0 National Petrochemical Company.<\/p>\n D\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a Global Data c\u0169ng cho bi\u1ebft, c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t amoni\u0103c t\u1ea1i ch\u00e2u \u00c1 s\u1ebd t\u0103ng m\u1ea1nh cho \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2020, trong \u0111\u00f3 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 2 qu\u1ed1c gia s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u xu h\u01b0\u1edbng gia t\u0103ng c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t amoni\u0103c. Hai qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y s\u1ebd b\u1ed5 sung kho\u1ea3ng 6,2 tri\u1ec7u t\u1ea5n\/n\u0103m c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t amoni\u0103c trong 5 n\u0103m t\u1edbi, v\u1edbi t\u1ed5ng chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 4,07 t\u1ec9 USD.<\/p>\n T\u1ea1i ch\u00e2u Phi, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n b\u1ed5 sung c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t amoni\u0103c s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u1edf Nigi\u00earia v\u1edbi k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch b\u1ed5 sung kho\u1ea3ng 4,2 tri\u1ec7u t\u1ea5n\/n\u0103m amoni\u0103c trong n\u0103m 2017. Chi ti\u00eau v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 cho nh\u1eefng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1t t\u00f4\u0309ng c\u00f4\u0323ng 1,39 t\u1ec9 USD trong n\u0103m 2017, trong \u0111\u00f3 T\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n Dangote chi\u1ebfm ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t amoni\u0103c b\u1ed5 sung trong n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n T\u1ea1i ch\u00e2u \u00e2u, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n gia t\u0103ng c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t amoni\u0103c s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u1edf Nga v\u1edbi k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch b\u1ed5 sung kho\u1ea3ng 3,5 tri\u1ec7u t\u1ea5n\/n\u0103m v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2018. Chi ph\u00ed v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 cho nh\u1eefng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u00e0y s\u1ebd l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00f4\u0309ng c\u00f4\u0323ng 2,05 t\u1ec9 USD v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2018.<\/p>\n T\u1ea1i Nam M\u1ef9, Braxin hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 1,17 t\u1ec9 USD \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ed5 sung th\u00eam kho\u1ea3ng 1,7 tri\u1ec7u t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t amoni\u0103c. Nh\u1eefng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u00e0y d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 \u0111i v\u00e0o v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh trong n\u0103m 2020.<\/p>\n\n