{"id":6021,"date":"2021-11-01T17:17:45","date_gmt":"2022-06-27T10:17:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ceco.vn\/nghien-cuu-che-tao-nhua-phenolic-tu-ba-thai-vo-dieu\/"},"modified":"2021-11-01T17:17:45","modified_gmt":"2022-06-27T10:17:45","slug":"nghien-cuu-che-tao-nhua-phenolic-tu-ba-thai-vo-dieu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ceco.com.vn\/en\/nghien-cuu-che-tao-nhua-phenolic-tu-ba-thai-vo-dieu\/","title":{"rendered":"Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o nh\u1ef1a phenolic t\u1eeb b\u00e3 th\u1ea3i v\u1ecf \u0111i\u1ec1u"},"content":{"rendered":"
Nh\u1ef1a phenolic<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i nh\u1ef1a \u0111\u00e3 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i h\u00f3a v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng carbon cao, \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh nhi\u1ec7t n\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t. Khi gia nhi\u1ec7t trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1eed, nh\u1ef1a phenolic c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh s\u1ee3i carbon \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u gia c\u01b0\u1eddng cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt [1]. Nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o nh\u1ef1a phenolic l\u00e0 phenol v\u00e0 formaldehyde. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1ef1a phenolic ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u g\u1ed1c g\u1ed7 b\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 nh\u1ef1a h\u00f3a g\u1ed7 [2]. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 nh\u1ef1a h\u00f3a g\u1ed7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i g\u1ed1c g\u1ed7 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. Theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y, nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u g\u1ed1c g\u1ed7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng phenol ho\u1eb7c r\u01b0\u1ee3u \u0111a ch\u1ee9c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p x\u00fac t\u00e1c acid ho\u1eb7c baz\u01a1 \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 120 – 180o<\/span>C \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u cao ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u00f3 m\u00f9i h\u1eafc v\u00e0 m\u00e0u \u0111en s\u1eabm [3].<\/p>\n T\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, h\u1ea1t \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p mang l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kinh t\u1ebf cao. Tuy nhi\u00ean ng\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0ng n\u0103m th\u1ea3i ra m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn b\u00e3 th\u1ea3i v\u1ecf \u0111i\u1ec1u. Hi\u1ec7n, b\u00e3 th\u1ea3i v\u1ecf \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed1t. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u00e0y ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n nguy c\u01a1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n Trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y, nh\u00f3m t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o nh\u1ef1a phenolic t\u1eeb b\u00e3 th\u1ea3i v\u1ecf \u0111i\u1ec1u. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u1ebd g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec1 ra m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec1u, mang l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 kinh t\u1ebf cao h\u01a1n cho c\u00e2y \u0111i\u1ec1u. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1ef1a ho\u00e1 g\u1ed7 th\u1ea3i c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 x\u1eed l\u00fd ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n B\u1ed9t b\u00e3 th\u1ea3i v\u1ecf \u0111i\u1ec1u\u00a0<\/em>s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb t\u1ec9nh B\u00ecnh Ph\u01b0\u1edbc – Vi\u1ec7t Nam. B\u00e3 th\u1ea3i v\u1ecf \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch, nghi\u1ec1n m\u1ecbn \u0111\u1ebfn k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n 500 \u00b5m b\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y nghi\u1ec1n b\u00faa. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a b\u00e3 th\u1ea3i v\u1ecf \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u1edf B\u1ea3ng 1.<\/p>\n B\u1ea3ng 1. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc trong b\u00e3 th\u1ea3i v\u1ecf \u0111i\u1ec1u<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n (% kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng)<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n Ngo\u00e0i b\u00e3 th\u1ea3i v\u1ecf \u0111i\u1ec1u, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f2n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p nh\u1ef1a phenolic. C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c bao g\u1ed3m: Phenol (C6<\/span>H5<\/span>OH) n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 99% v\u00e0 acid sulfuric (H2<\/span>SO4<\/span>) n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 95% c\u1ee7a h\u00e3ng Xilong Chemical.<\/p>\n B\u00e3 th\u1ea3i v\u1ecf \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u00e0 phenol \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed9n v\u1edbi nhau theo c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ed1i li\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 \u1edf B\u1ea3ng 2. Ngo\u00e0i hai th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 b\u00e3 th\u1ea3i v\u1ecf \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u00e0 phenol, trong th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ed1i li\u1ec7u c\u00f2n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u00eam x\u00fac t\u00e1c l\u00e0 acid sulphuric. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n acid sulphuric l\u00e0 5% kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng phenol s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. C\u00e1c h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p sau tr\u1ed9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 trong Becher 100ml, \u0111\u1eady k\u00edn b\u1eb1ng gi\u1ea5y b\u1ea1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t trong t\u1ee7 s\u1ea5y t\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng trong th\u1eddi gian 90 ph\u00fat.<\/p>\n B\u1ea3ng 2. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ed1i li\u1ec7u kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nhi\u1ec7t qu\u00e9t vi sai (DSC) k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nhi\u1ec7t kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (TG). H\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p sau tr\u1ed9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch tr\u00ean thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb STA 409PC\/PG c\u1ee7a h\u00e3ng Netzsch. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u1eeb 30 \u0111\u1ebfn 300o<\/span>C, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e2ng nhi\u1ec7t 10o<\/span>C\/ph\u00fat trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed.<\/p>\n C\u00e1c nh\u00f3m ch\u1ee9c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh trong c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac nh\u1ef1a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u1ed5 h\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i Fourier (FTIR). Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n t\u00edch l\u00e0 NICOLET 6700 c\u1ee7a h\u00e3ng Thermo Scientific v\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng qu\u00e9t 500 – 4000cm-1<\/span>, b\u01b0\u1edbc qu\u00e9t 0,96425, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh KBr.<\/p>\n C\u00e1c h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p sau ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ea1o nh\u1ef1a b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u01b0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00e3 th\u1ea3i c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i sau ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng [4]. C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u01b0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00e3 th\u1ea3i v\u1ecf \u0111i\u1ec1u bao g\u1ed3m: i) S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng etanol \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00f2a tan nh\u1ef1a phenolic. Nh\u1ef1a t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh s\u1ebd b\u1ecb ho\u00e0 tan b\u1edfi etanol trong khi b\u00e3 th\u1ea3i v\u1ecf \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u01b0a ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb h\u00f2a tan; ii) X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 b\u00e3 th\u1ea3i v\u1ecf \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i trong m\u1eabu theo c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c: Trong \u0111\u00f3: R \u2013 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m b\u00e3 th\u1ea3i c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i (%), mr<\/span>\u00a0\u2013 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00e3 th\u1ea3i c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i ch\u01b0a ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng (g), mpr<\/span>\u00a0\u2013 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p nh\u1ef1a ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u01b0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00e3 th\u1ea3i (g)<\/p>\n Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1ea1o nh\u1ef1a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nhi\u1ec7t DSC\/TG. H\u00ecnh 1 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch DSC\/TG c\u1ee7a h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u b\u00e3 \u0111i\u1ec1u, phenol v\u00e0 x\u00fac t\u00e1c H2<\/span>SO4<\/span>. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng thu nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean x\u1ea3y ra trong kho\u1ea3ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1eeb 39,42 \u2013 52,68o<\/span>C c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec9nh \u1edf 44,69o<\/span>C l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a phenol tinh th\u1ec3. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng thu nhi\u1ec7t th\u1ee9 hai x\u1ea3y ra trong kho\u1ea3ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1eeb 88,17 – 174,69o<\/span>C c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec9nh \u1edf 147,15o<\/span>C k\u00e8m theo gi\u1ea3m kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng TG l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 x\u1ea3y ra h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a l\u00fd nh\u01b0 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch, t\u1ea1o m\u1ea1ch, thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m ch\u1ee9c, \u2026 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00ean nh\u1ef1a phenolic [5]. T\u1eeb k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nhi\u1ec7t cho th\u1ea5y, 150o<\/span>C l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1ea1o nh\u1ef1a phenolic t\u1eeb b\u00e3 \u0111i\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n H\u00ecnh 1: K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch DSC\/TG<\/span><\/p>\n2. NGUY\u00caN LI\u1ec6U V\u00c0 PH\u01af\u01a0NG PH\u00c1P PH\u00c2N T\u00cdCH<\/span><\/h3>\n
2.1. Nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u<\/span><\/h4>\n
<\/a><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n
2.2. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o m\u1eabu<\/h4>\n
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\u00a02.3. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n t\u00edch<\/h4>\n
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3. K\u1ebeT\u00a0QU\u1ea2 V\u00c0 B\u00c0N LU\u1eacN<\/span><\/h3>\n
3.1. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng<\/h4>\n
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